Category Archives: torture

The Psychological Methods of the Torture Program


The Christian Science Monitor has an excellent article on American citizen Jose Padilla’s psychological breakdown
at the hands of the US government. How did the US government learn their techniques? From Soviet-era “internal security” organizations such as the KGB and the Stasi.

How a Cold War program inspired terror war interrogationsMany of the harsh interrogation techniques now used in the war on terror bear a striking resemblance to tactics of the former Soviet KGB.

There is a reason. After the 9/11 attacks, US forces put a premium on getting actionable intelligence from suspected terrorists. But most of them refused to talk. Some interrogators complained that traditional techniques that complied fully with the Geneva Conventions weren’t working.

So the Defense Department and the Central Intelligence Agency reached back to a military training program with roots in the cold war. The program was originally designed to prepare downed American pilots and special-operations soldiers for capture during a war with the Soviet Union. The Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) school mimicked the anticipated Soviet interrogation techniques. According to former SERE instructors, the grueling program subjects trainees to aggressive questioning, isolation, sleep deprivation, stress positions, and simulated drowning (water-boarding). Soon, the coercive techniques were being used on detainees in Afghanistan; Iraq; Guantánamo Bay, Cuba; and the US Naval Consolidated Brig in Charleston, S.C.

Salon reports that meanwhile, at the annual American Psychological Association convention in San Francisco, the “last group of medical professionals willing to support the interrogation of ‘high value’ detainees” is poised to formally condemn the Torture Program. It’s not clear how much of an effect an APA resolution would have on steering psychologists away from aiding torture programs.

Theoretically, a psychologist could lose his state-issued license for violating an APA resolution, regardless of APA membership, which might plant a seed of doubt in a psychologist’s mind when he steps into a CIA interrogation booth. Military psychologists, for example, are required to maintain a state license.But the CIA might not be so strict. When asked a series of questions on whether the CIA requires psychologists working with that agency to maintain a state license, CIA spokesman George Little responded, “On these questions, I decline to comment.”

Still, psychologists predict that their colleagues — even those employed by the CIA — will be less inclined in the future to participate in harsh interrogations that have been explicitly condemned by the APA. “These are our rules and our professional ethics,” said Brad Olson, president of the Divisions for Social Justice within the APA. “What this whole group of professionals believes does matter. What psychologists say they are willing to do and not willing to do does matter.”

More here and here at Balkinization.

The Torture Program and its Enablers

Guantánamo man’s family release ‘torture’ dossier:

Mr Deghayes was captured in Pakistan - his family claim by bounty hunters - after the US attacked Afghanistan. They say he had gone there to start a business exporting dried fruit to a leading supermarket.

In the dossier, he claims to have seen US guards kill people, witnessed prisoners being partially drowned, and saw the Qur’an thrown into a toilet by a US guard.

The new claims come after earlier Guardian reports of Mr Deghayes’s ill treatment, including allegations that he was left blinded in one eye after a soldier plunged his finger into it, and claims that he had human excrement smeared on his face.

As several Guantanamo prisoners slowly are allowed release, no doubt more and more of these former prisoners will tell such stories. The “few bad apples” defense simply won’t match the systemic magnitude of the prisoners’ stories of abuse. Referring back to the New Yorker piece on “black sites,” it seems our government already has quite a handle on creating a systemic torture regimen for its “detainees.”

“The C.I.A.’s interrogation program is remarkable for its mechanistic aura. “It’s one of the most sophisticated, refined programs of torture ever,” an outside expert familiar with the protocol said. “At every stage, there was a rigid attention to detail. Procedure was adhered to almost to the letter. There was top-down quality control, and such a set routine that you get to the point where you know what each detainee is going to say, because you’ve heard it before. It was almost automated. People were utterly dehumanized. People fell apart. It was the intentional and systematic infliction of great suffering masquerading as a legal process. It is just chilling.”

[...]

A former member of a C.I.A. transport team has described the “takeout” of prisoners as a carefully choreographed twenty-minute routine, during which a suspect was hog-tied, stripped naked, photographed, hooded, sedated with anal suppositories, placed in diapers, and transported by plane to a secret location. A person involved in the Council of Europe inquiry, referring to cavity searches and the frequent use of suppositories during the takeout of detainees, likened the treatment to “sodomy.” He said, “It was used to absolutely strip the detainee of any dignity. It breaks down someone’s sense of impenetrability. The interrogation became a process not just of getting information but of utterly subordinating the detainee through humiliation.” The former C.I.A. officer confirmed that the agency frequently photographed the prisoners naked, “because it’s demoralizing.”

[...]

Ramzi Kassem, who teaches at Yale Law School, said that a Yemeni client of his, Sanad al-Kazimi, who is now in Guantánamo, alleged that he had received similar treatment in the Dark Prison, the facility near Kabul. Kazimi claimed to have been suspended by his arms for long periods, causing his legs to swell painfully. “It’s so traumatic, he can barely speak of it,” Kassem said. “He breaks down in tears.” Kazimi also claimed that, while hanging, he was beaten with electric cables.

There is no well-mannered “intellectually honest” State Department lawyer, no distinguished law professor, no “follower” of the philosophy of Christ, who can justify, excuse or otherwise explain the systematic dehumanization and degradation of Guantanamo, the “Black Sites,” and Abu Ghraib. This administration’s evisceration of the Geneva Conventions, its persistent forwarding of the theory of a “unitary executive,” and the petulance of its divine-righted “decider” each in its own way have contributed to the culture of lawlessness and human degradation of Guantanamo. There is no law but the Decider’s law. And there is no act, however cruel, degrading or perverted, that cannot be coolly and systematically committed in the name of the Decider’s War on Terror. A man sodomized, his face smeared with feces - this is an end result, a logical conclusion to the “advocacy” of genteel government lawyers, the novel theories of legal “scholars,” and the “necessary steps” of a self-described “Christian.”

In January of 2009 it will be tempting for America, before itself and before the world, to write-off the Cheney-Bush administration as an aberration. But throughout this current administration’s lawlessness, Congress bi-partisanly either meekly assented to or actively promoted every one of the administration’s actions involving “detainee” treatment. Most importantly, we the people have assented as well. Perhaps we are too willing, as in the case of Abu Ghraib, to accept the “bad apples” defense our government puts forth. Perhaps we are unwilling to look squarely at what we’ve allowed our government systematically to do to countless human beings. Perhaps it’s too disturbing for us to admit having a part in.

Criminal Acts as "State Secrets"


Jane Mayer in the New Yorker submits a
lengthy report on the CIA’s torture sites “black sites.” The article is well worth reading in full. But here’s a snippet.

The Bush Administration has gone to great lengths to keep secret the treatment of the hundred or so “high-value detainees” whom the C.I.A. has confined, at one point or another, since September 11th. The program has been extraordinarily “compartmentalized,” in the nomenclature of the intelligence world. By design, there has been virtually no access for outsiders to the C.I.A.’s prisoners. The utter isolation of these detainees has been described as essential to America’s national security. The Justice Department argued this point explicitly last November, in the case of a Baltimore-area resident named Majid Khan, who was held for more than three years by the C.I.A. Khan, the government said, had to be prohibited from access to a lawyer specifically because he might describe the “alternative interrogation methods” that the agency had used when questioning him. These methods amounted to a state secret, the government argued, and disclosure of them could “reasonably be expected to cause extremely grave damage.” (The case has not yet been decided.)